{"id":8468,"date":"2023-10-19T01:41:43","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T01:41:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/?page_id=8468"},"modified":"2025-03-24T07:17:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T07:17:15","slug":"political-theory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/research-papers\/political-theory\/","title":{"rendered":"Political theory"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8468\" class=\"elementor elementor-8468\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e578de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e578de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3b8beb\" data-id=\"a3b8beb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a241365 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a241365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Political theory<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40429b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40429b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dc9b32\" data-id=\"7dc9b32\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73b23f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73b23f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_inline_text tdi_70 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_70\"><p class=\"tdm-descr\"><strong>\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_inline_text tdi_71 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_71\"><p class=\"tdm-descr\">\u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e134e4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e134e4f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8500573\" data-id=\"8500573\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0f8885 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0f8885\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-77eb40f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77eb40f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d078a0b\" data-id=\"d078a0b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d570346 elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"d570346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ff93f elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"54ff93f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a75c0f4\" data-id=\"a75c0f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1956049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1956049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b9bd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"22b9bd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b488625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"b488625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-196c577\" data-id=\"196c577\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cda1dfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"cda1dfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baee21f elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"baee21f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-64068bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64068bb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd29368\" data-id=\"fd29368\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50391b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50391b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb76b12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb76b12\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-859b2b5\" data-id=\"859b2b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1958b2a elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-grid\" data-id=\"1958b2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;template_id&quot;:&quot;9964&quot;,&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;numbers_and_prev_next&quot;,&quot;_skin&quot;:&quot;post&quot;,&quot;columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;edit_handle_selector&quot;:&quot;[data-elementor-type=\\&quot;loop-item\\&quot;]&quot;,&quot;pagination_load_type&quot;:&quot;page_reload&quot;,&quot;row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"loop-grid.post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-loop-container elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-9964\">.e-loop-item-12640 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background) > .elementor-widget-wrap, .e-loop-item-12640 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518 > .elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/ummatics-website.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/27102149\/irredeemableFailure.jpeg\");}<\/style><style id=\"loop-9964\">a.elementor-post-info__terms-list-item[href=&quot;https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/category\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-1\/&quot;] {\r\n    display: none !important;\r\n}.elementor-widget-section .eael-protected-content-message{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-section .protected-content-error-msg{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ddac712 > .elementor-container > .elementor-column > .elementor-widget-wrap{align-content:space-between;align-items:space-between;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ddac712 > .elementor-container{min-height:480px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ddac712, .elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ddac712 > .elementor-background-overlay{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64828f6:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background) > .elementor-widget-wrap, .elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64828f6 > .elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64828f6 > .elementor-element-populated{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64828f6 > .elementor-element-populated, .elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64828f6 > .elementor-element-populated > .elementor-background-overlay, .elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64828f6 > .elementor-background-slideshow{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-64828f6 > .elementor-element-populated > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-93b14da > .elementor-container{min-height:250px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-93b14da, .elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-93b14da > .elementor-background-overlay{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-bc-flex-widget .elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518.elementor-column .elementor-widget-wrap{align-items:space-between;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518.elementor-column.elementor-element[data-element_type=\"column\"] > .elementor-widget-wrap.elementor-element-populated{align-content:space-between;align-items:space-between;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518.elementor-column > .elementor-widget-wrap{justify-content:flex-end;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518 > .elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-widget:not(.elementor-widget__width-auto):not(.elementor-widget__width-initial):not(:last-child):not(.elementor-absolute){margin-bottom:50px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background) > .elementor-widget-wrap, .elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518 > .elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-size:cover;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518 > .elementor-element-populated{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518 > .elementor-element-populated > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-widget-text-editor .eael-protected-content-message{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-text-editor .protected-content-error-msg{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae4bddf{width:100%;max-width:100%;align-self:flex-start;text-align:right;color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ae4bddf > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-2px -5px -2px 0px;padding:5px 5px 5px 10px;border-style:none;border-radius:0px 5px 0px 5px;}.elementor-widget-post-info .eael-protected-content-message{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-post-info .protected-content-error-msg{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-post-info .elementor-icon-list-item{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6e7c5ac > .elementor-widget-container{margin:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6e7c5ac .elementor-icon-list-icon{width:14px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6e7c5ac .elementor-icon-list-icon i{font-size:14px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6e7c5ac .elementor-icon-list-icon svg{--e-icon-list-icon-size:14px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6e7c5ac .elementor-icon-list-item{font-family:\"Droid Arabic Naskh\";font-size:12px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-widget-theme-post-title .eael-protected-content-message{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-theme-post-title .protected-content-error-msg{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-theme-post-title .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0abd676 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:20px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 020px 0px 020px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0abd676 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:\"Droid Arabic Naskh\";font-size:20px;font-weight:600;line-height:30px;color:var( --e-global-color-a06058e );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1cd46b9{width:initial;max-width:initial;font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-a06058e );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1cd46b9 > .elementor-widget-container{padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2931c67{width:initial;max-width:initial;font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:#6D6D6D;}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2931c67 > .elementor-widget-container{padding:0px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-widget-button .eael-protected-content-message{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-button .protected-content-error-msg{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-button .elementor-button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5411dec .elementor-button{background-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family );font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-9964 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5411dec > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 20px 20px 20px;}\/* Start custom CSS for text-editor, class: .elementor-element-ae4bddf *\/a[rel=\"tag\"] {\n    background-color: #FFFBEF;\n    padding: 5px 10px;\n    border-radius:0px 0px 0px 5px;\n    text-decoration: none;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/\n\/* Start custom CSS for post-info, class: .elementor-element-6e7c5ac *\/a.elementor-post-info__terms-list-item {\n    float: left;\n    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n    color: #fff !important;\n    padding-left: 10px;\n    padding-right: 10px;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    line-height: 2.5;\n    margin-left: 5px;\n    margin-top: 5px;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"9964\" class=\"elementor elementor-9964 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12640 post-12640 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-52 category-57 category-59\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"eael-wrapper-link-ddac712 --eael-wrapper-link-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/\"><\/a>\t\t<section data-eael-wrapper-link=\"eael-wrapper-link-ddac712\" data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ddac712 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-content-space-between elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ddac712\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64828f6\" data-id=\"64828f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-93b14da elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93b14da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-62d4518\" data-id=\"62d4518\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e7c5ac elementor-align-left elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"6e7c5ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-948f800 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/category\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Geopolitics and International Relations<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/category\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Political theory<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/category\/%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">papers<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0abd676 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0abd676\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd46b9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cd46b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJoseph Kaminsky\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2931c67 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2931c67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 5, 2025\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5411dec elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5411dec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read the paper<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-9964\">.e-loop-item-12531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background) > .elementor-widget-wrap, .e-loop-item-12531 .elementor-element.elementor-element-62d4518 > .elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/ummatics-website.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/04085038\/AdobeStock_526739762-scaled-1.jpeg\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"9964\" class=\"elementor elementor-9964 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12531 post-12531 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-52 category-57 category-59 tag-108\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"eael-wrapper-link-ddac712 --eael-wrapper-link-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/\"><\/a>\t\t<section data-eael-wrapper-link=\"eael-wrapper-link-ddac712\" data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ddac712 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-content-space-between elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ddac712\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64828f6\" data-id=\"64828f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-93b14da elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93b14da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-62d4518\" data-id=\"62d4518\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae4bddf elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae4bddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/tag\/%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" rel=\"tag\">papers<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e7c5ac elementor-align-left elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"6e7c5ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-948f800 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/category\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Geopolitics and International Relations<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/category\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">Political theory<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/category\/%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">papers<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0abd676 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0abd676\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd46b9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cd46b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2931c67 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2931c67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAugust 18, 2025\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5411dec elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5411dec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read the paper<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":8270,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8468","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8468\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}