{"id":12218,"date":"2025-04-10T18:06:22","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T18:06:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/?p=12218"},"modified":"2026-02-12T06:09:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T06:09:50","slug":"what-is-ummatics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/what-is-ummatics\/","title":{"rendered":"What is ummah?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 | English<\/a> | Urdu<\/a> | Turkish<\/a> | Bahasa Indonesian<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00bb<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629\u00bb \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0650\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \ufd3f\u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\ufd3e \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \ufd3f\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0637\u0627\u064b\ufd3e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645 \ufd3f\u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627\ufd3e \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> \u0645\u0635\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0631\u062c\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00bb (\u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u00bb.<\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u00ab\u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (politics)\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (polis)\u00bb. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f \u0644\u0650\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u061f<\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0650\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629(modern territorial state).<\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (politics) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 (\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0651\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u060c<\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u00bb.<\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0641) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629.<\/b> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0661. \u0622\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u064f \u0639\u062f\u0644\u064d \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0670\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0637\u064b\u0627\u00a0 \u0644\u0651\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064f\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\ufd3e.<\/span>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0623\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0637\u0629\u064c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629: \ufd3f\u0643\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650\ufd3e.<\/span>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0663. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064e \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b: \ufd3f\u0648\u0671\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652\ufd3e.<\/span>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0664. \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b: \ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062e\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u06da \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0670\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c\ufd3e.<\/span>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0665. \u0622\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064f\u062e\u064f\u0648\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645: \ufd3f\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652\ufd3e. <\/span>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

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