{"id":12348,"date":"2025-04-21T08:09:11","date_gmt":"2025-04-21T08:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/?p=12348"},"modified":"2026-02-12T17:46:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T17:46:34","slug":"why-ummatics-intro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/","title":{"rendered":"Why &quot;Nationalism&quot;? A Series of Theses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 | <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ummatics.org\/why-ummatics-a-series-of-contentions\/\">English<\/a><\/span> | <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ur.ummatics.org\/why-ummatics-a-series-of-contentions\/\">Urdu<\/a><\/span> | <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/nedenummetiks\/\">Turkish<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; padding-right: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u00ab\u0646\u062d\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0636\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0629. \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0650 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c. \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647: \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0626\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064f\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0650\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-1-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-12348' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Mujtaba Ali Isani, &lt;em&gt;Muslim Public Opinion Toward the International Order: Support for International and Regional Actors&lt;\/em&gt; (Cham: Palgrave-MacMillan, 2019), 25; and Mujtaba Ali Isani, Daniel Silverman, and Joseph J Kaminski, &ldquo;The Other Legitimate Game in Town? Understanding Public Support for the Caliphate in the Muslim World,&rdquo; American Journal of Islam and Society 41, no. 2 (forthcoming, 2024).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0629 <a style=\"color: blue;\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/what-is-ummatics\/\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u00a0\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u064e\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 <a style=\"color: blue;\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/who-wants-the-caliphate\/\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/a>\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627 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\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0624\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f\u00bb (\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641\u061f\u00bb (\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629)\u060c \u00ab\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f\u00bb\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0662\u0662-\u0663\u0660\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629.<span id='easy-footnote-2-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-12348' title='&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify; direction: ltr; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Yahya Birt, &ldquo;Ummah at the Margins: The Past, Present and Future of Muslim Minorities,&rdquo; Ayaan Institute, Oct 10, 2022, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000; text-decoration: none;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/ayaaninstitute.com\/research\/publications\/ummah-at-the-margins-the-past-present-and-future-of-muslim-minorities\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/ayaaninstitute.com\/research\/publications\/ummah-at-the-margins-the-past-present-and-future-of-muslim-minorities\/&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0\u0646\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629) \u0648\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064e\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641\u061f\u00bb \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u062d\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643. \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \ufd3f\u200c\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u200c\u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u200c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u200c\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u200c\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u200c\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627\ufd3e\u060c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-3-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-12348' title='&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0661\u0660\u0663.&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-4-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-12348' title='&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0664\u0666 \u0648 \u0667\u0663\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0661\u0665\u0662.&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064d \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0647\u0648: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u064e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-5-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-12348' title='&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0661\u0663: \ufd3f&zwnj;\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 &zwnj;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064f &zwnj;\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 &zwnj;\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 &zwnj;\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 &zwnj;\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064d &zwnj;\u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0649 &zwnj;\u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c \u062e\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064c\ufd3e.&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-6-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-12348' title='&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: &laquo;\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u0651\u0646\u0627 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\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c \u0664\u0669: \ufd3f&zwnj;\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064c &zwnj;\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f &zwnj;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 &zwnj;\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e &zwnj;\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0647\u064f &zwnj;\u0623\u064e\u0634\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f &zwnj;\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 &zwnj;\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 &zwnj;\u0631\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f &zwnj;\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652\ufd3e&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 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href=&quot;https:\/\/tafsir.app\/ibn-atiyah\/38\/29&quot;&gt;https:\/\/tafsir.app\/ibn-atiyah\/38\/29&lt;\/a&gt;)&nbsp; \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 &laquo;\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&raquo; (God&amp;#8217;s Caliph)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0666\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ovamir Anjum, &lt;em&gt;Politics, Law, and Community in Islam: The Taymiyyan Moment&lt;\/em&gt; (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 42-48.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0642\u062f \u062e\u064f\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 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\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-11-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-11-12348' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Muft\u012b Taq\u012b Usm\u0101n\u012b, &lt;em&gt;Islam and Politics&lt;\/em&gt; (London: Turath Publishing, 2018), 33.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &laquo;\u062e\u0644\u0641&raquo; \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &laquo;\u0639\u0628\u062f&raquo; \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0629.&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u00bb \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-13-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-13-12348' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Haroon Mughal, &lt;em&gt;Two Billion Caliphs: A Vision of a Muslim Future&lt;\/em&gt; (Beacon Press, 2022).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-14-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-14-12348' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &laquo;\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631&raquo; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &laquo;\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629&raquo;. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ahmed Jaafri, &ldquo;The Colonizability of African and Asian Societies from the Perspective of Malek Bennabi (Historical Insights),&rdquo; Psychology and Education 60, no. 2 (2023): 1829-1841.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u0651\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u064e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u00bb \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064d \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062b \u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u064e\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-15-12348' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/why-ummatics-intro\/#easy-footnote-bottom-15-12348' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Ovamir Anjum, Politics, Law, and Community in Islamic Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2012), Ch. 6.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: center;\">*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c <\/span>\u00ab \u2039\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0629\u061f\u203a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00bb<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0633 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0662\u0661 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/why-ummatics-intro\">https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/why-ummatics-intro<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\" data-start=\"60\" data-end=\"93\">\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9de1d53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9de1d53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/ummatic-exceptionalism\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div data-id=\"9de1d53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/contention-two\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0647\u0650\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062f<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cba5ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"2cba5ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 | English | Urdu | Turkish &nbsp; \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51,53,59],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-12348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-51","category-53","category-59","tag-108"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12348"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12348\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}