{"id":12531,"date":"2025-08-18T17:53:51","date_gmt":"2025-08-18T17:53:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/?p=12531"},"modified":"2025-10-09T20:09:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T20:09:07","slug":"islam-beyond-borders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h4>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 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style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Faisal Amjad, &ldquo;A recipe to reunite the Ummah: What has Gordon Ramsay got to do with Muslim unity?&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Medium&lt;\/em&gt;, June 16, 2022, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/medium.com\/kn-ow\/how-gordon-ramsay-can-reunite-the-ummah-b977836f7d32&quot;&gt;https:\/\/medium.com\/kn-ow\/how-gordon-ramsay-can-reunite-the-ummah-b977836f7d32&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a 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justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Miriam Cooke and Bruce B. Lawrence, &lt;em&gt;Muslim Networks: From Hajj to Hip-Hip&lt;\/em&gt; (North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 1.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u00ab\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-3-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Cooke and Lawrence, &lt;em&gt;Muslim Networks, 2&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-4-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Peter Mandeville, &ldquo;Muslim Transnational Identity and State Responses in Europe and the UK after 9\/11: Political Community, Ideology and Authority,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies&lt;\/em&gt; 35, no. 3 (March 2009): 491-506.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064e\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-5-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Ejaz Akram, &ldquo;Muslim Ummah and its Link with Transnational Muslim Politics,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Islamic Studies&lt;\/em&gt; 46, no. 3 (Autumn 2007): 381-415.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-6-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-12531' title=' &lt;\/span&gt;&laquo;\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&raquo;.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pew Research Centre&lt;\/em&gt;, Global Attitudes Project, July 12, 2012, p.3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-7-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt; &ldquo;Malaysia premier calls for &lsquo;Islamic renaissance&rsquo; with these two countries,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;The New Arab&lt;\/em&gt;, July 28, 2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/malaysia-premier-calls-islamic-renaissance-two-countries&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/malaysia-premier-calls-islamic-renaissance-two-countries&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-8-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt; Anwar Ibrahim, &lt;em&gt;SCRIPT For a Better Malaysia an Empowering Vision and Policy Framework for Action&lt;\/em&gt; (Shah Alam: Institut Darul Ehsan and Centre for Postnormal Policy and Futures Studies, 2022).&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u00ab\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u00ab\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-9-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-9-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Salman Sayyid, &ldquo;The Crescent of Hope,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Daily Sabah&lt;\/em&gt;, Sept 10, 2018, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/op-ed\/2018\/09\/10\/the-crescent-of-hope&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/op-ed\/2018\/09\/10\/the-crescent-of-hope&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u00bb \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u2039\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u203a \u0623\u0648 \u2039\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u203a \u0623\u0648 \u2039\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0627\u203a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-10-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-10-12531' title=' &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;James Piscatori and Amin Saikal, &lt;em&gt;Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma and World Politics&lt;\/em&gt;, (Cambridge University Press, 2019), viii.'><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u00ab\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u00ab\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0627\u064b\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-11-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-11-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Piscatori and Saikal, viii.'><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; 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text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Md. Kamaruzzam, &ldquo;Profile &amp;#8211; Bangladeshi fighter pilot who destroyed Israeli planes,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Anadolu Agency&lt;\/em&gt;, June 15, 2020, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/asia-pacific\/profile-bangladeshi-fighter-pilot-who-destroyed-israeli-planes\/1877614&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/asia-pacific\/profile-bangladeshi-fighter-pilot-who-destroyed-israeli-planes\/1877614&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0666\u0669\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0636\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0632\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0668\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0662\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-13-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-13-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Ehsan Abdullah, &ldquo;Remembering the Past: Bangladeshi Fighters for Palestine of the 1980&rsquo;s, May 23 2018, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/mygoldenbengal.wordpress.com\/2018\/05\/23\/remembering-the-past-bangladeshi-fighters-for-palestine-of-the-1980s-2\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/mygoldenbengal.wordpress.com\/2018\/05\/23\/remembering-the-past-bangladeshi-fighters-for-palestine-of-the-1980s-2\/&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0645 WeStandWithPalestine# \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0629\u00bb. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0647\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-14-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-14-12531' title='\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Hisham A&iuml;di, &ldquo;The (African) Arab Cup,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Africa is a Country&lt;\/em&gt;, December 13, 2022, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2022\/12\/the-afro-arab-cup&quot;&gt;https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2022\/12\/the-afro-arab-cup&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645. \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0647\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0643\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-15-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-15-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Daniel Harris, &ldquo;World Cup 2022 briefing: Morocco&rsquo;s pride in Islam should inspire us all,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;The Guardian&lt;\/em&gt;. December 14, 2022, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/2022\/dec\/14\/world-cup-2022-briefing-moroccos-pride-in-islam-should-inspire-us-all&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/2022\/dec\/14\/world-cup-2022-briefing-moroccos-pride-in-islam-should-inspire-us-all&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 (Umma Welfare Trust)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (One Ummah) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-16-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-16-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Marie Juul Petersen, &lt;em&gt;For Humanity or for the Umma? Aid and Islam in Transnational Muslim NGOs&lt;\/em&gt; (London: C. Hurst &amp;amp; Co., 2015).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-17-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-17-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt; Mazen Hashem, &ldquo;The Ummah in the Khutba: A Religious Sermon or a Civil Discourse?&rdquo;&lt;em&gt; Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 30&lt;\/em&gt;, no. 1, (March 2010).'><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0647\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a (Hugh Kennedy) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u00bb (The Caliphate: The History of an Idea)\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-18-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-18-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Rashid Dar, &ldquo;America is a Caliphate,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Popula&lt;\/em&gt;, Sept 11, 2018, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/popula.com\/2018\/09\/11\/america-is-a-caliphate\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/popula.com\/2018\/09\/11\/america-is-a-caliphate\/&lt;\/a&gt;. '><sup>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-19-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-19-12531' title='\u00a0\u00a0&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ovamir Anjum, &ldquo;Who Wants the Caliphate?&rdquo;, &lt;em&gt;Yaqeen Institute&lt;\/em&gt;, 2019, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/yaqeeninstitute.org\/read\/paper\/who-wants-the-caliphate&quot;&gt;https:\/\/yaqeeninstitute.org\/read\/paper\/who-wants-the-caliphate&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-20-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-20-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Joseph Kaminski, &ldquo;Irredeemable Failure: the Modern Nation-State as a Nullifier of Ummatic Unity,&rdquo; Ummatics Institute, December 14, 2022, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/ummatics.org\/2022\/12\/14\/irredeemable-failure-the-modern-nation-state-as-a-nullifier-of-ummatic-unity\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/ummatics.org\/2022\/12\/14\/irredeemable-failure-the-modern-nation-state-as-a-nullifier-of-ummatic-unity\/&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0662\u0664\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-21-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-21-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Jacob M, Landau. &lt;em&gt;The Politics of Pan-Islamism: Ideology and Organization&lt;\/em&gt;, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 2-4.'><sup>21<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-22-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-22-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&Ouml;zcan A. &lt;em&gt;Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans &amp;amp; Britain&lt;\/em&gt; (1877-1924) (London: Brill, 1997), 62.'><sup>22<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-23-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-23-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Birol Baskan and &Ouml;mer Taspinar, &lt;em&gt;The Nation or the Ummah: Islamism and Turkish Foreign Policy&lt;\/em&gt;, (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2021).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>23<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0634\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-24-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-24-12531' title='\u00a0&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&Ouml;zcan,&lt;em&gt; Pan-Islamism&lt;\/em&gt;, 62.'><sup>24<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-25-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-25-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Basheer Nafi, &ldquo;The Abolition of The Caliphate in Context,&rdquo; in &lt;em&gt;Demystifying The Caliphate: Historical Memory and Modern Contexts&lt;\/em&gt;, eds. Madawi al-Rasheed et al., 31-56.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>25<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 (\u062a \u0661\u0669\u0664\u0669\u0645) \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-26-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-26-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Abdullah Ahsan, &lt;em&gt;Ummah or Nation: Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society&lt;\/em&gt; (Leicester, UK: Islamic Foundation, 1994), 88.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 &laquo;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&raquo;\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Noha Mellor, &lt;em&gt;Voice of the Muslim Brotherhood: Da&rsquo;wa, Discourse, and Political Communication&lt;\/em&gt;, (London: Routledge, 2018).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>26<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a (\u062a \u0661\u0669\u0667\u0669\u0645) \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00bb \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-27-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-27-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Reza Pankhurst&rsquo;s&lt;em&gt; The Inevitable Caliphate? A History of the Struggle for Global Islamic Union, 1924 to the Present &lt;\/em&gt;(London: C. Hurst &amp;amp; Co., 2013).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>27<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-28-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-28-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Anjum, &lt;em&gt;&ldquo;Who Wants the Caliphate?,&rdquo;&lt;\/em&gt; 47-48.'><sup>28<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0623\u062a\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f\u00bb\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u00ab\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a&#8230; \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u064b\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-29-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-29-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;Yoginder Sikand, &ldquo;Review of Who Needs an Islamic State&rdquo;, &lt;em&gt;Counter Currents&lt;\/em&gt;, 15 July, 2009, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.countercurrents.org\/sikand150709.htm&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.countercurrents.org\/sikand150709.htm&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>29<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb (Muslim Public Opinion Toward the International Order: Support for International and Regional Actors)\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0628\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0650\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-30-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-30-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Mujtaba Ali Isani, &lt;em&gt;Muslim Public Opinion Toward the International Order: Support for International and Regional Actors&lt;\/em&gt; (Cham: Palgrave-MacMillan, 2019).'><sup>30<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-31-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-31-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Isani,&lt;em&gt; Muslim Public Opinion&lt;\/em&gt;, 25.'><sup>31<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 Gallup \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0666 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-32-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-32-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&ldquo;What&amp;#8217;s the appeal of a caliphate?&rdquo;&lt;em&gt; BBC News,&lt;\/em&gt; 26 October, 2014, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/magazine-29761018&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/magazine-29761018&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>32<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0663\u0668\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0668\u0668\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-33-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-33-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;Isani, 28.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>33<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (PIPA) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-34-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-34-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Isani, 89.'><sup>34<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-35-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-35-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Isani, 3.&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>35<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-36-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-36-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Julia Voelker McQuaid, &lt;em&gt;The Struggle for Unity and Authority in Islam: Reviving the Caliphate?&lt;\/em&gt; (A joint CNA\/Wilton Park Conference) 2007, Center for Strategic Studies, Virginia, p.23-24.'><sup>36<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639: \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-37-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-37-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Anjum, &ldquo;&lt;em&gt;Who Wants the Caliphate?&lt;\/em&gt;&rdquo;, 47- 48.'><sup>37<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">GUMEES: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-38-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-38-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&ldquo;Religion by Country 2023,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;World Population Review&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/religion-by-country&quot;&gt;https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/religion-by-country&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>38<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0662\u0660\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u00bb \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-39-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-39-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Edward A. Burrier, &ldquo;In Africa, Putin&rsquo;s War on Ukraine Drives Food, Fuel and Finance Crises,&rdquo;&lt;em&gt; United States Institute of Peace&lt;\/em&gt;, June 30, 2022, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/2022\/06\/africa-putins-war-ukraine-drives-food-fuel-and-finance-crises&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/2022\/06\/africa-putins-war-ukraine-drives-food-fuel-and-finance-crises&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>39<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-40-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-40-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Juan Cole, &lt;em&gt;The New Arabs: How the Millennial Generation is Changing the Middle East&lt;\/em&gt;, (Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, 2014), and Tahir Abbas and Sadek Hamid (Eds) &lt;em&gt;Political Muslims: Understanding Youth Resistance in a Global Context, &lt;\/em&gt;(Syracuse University Press, 2019).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>40<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-41-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-41-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Herrera, Linda, and Asef Bayat, eds. 2010.&lt;em&gt; Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics in the Global South and North&lt;\/em&gt;. Oxford University Press, Ahmad, Fauzia, and Mohammed S. Seddon, eds. 2012. &lt;em&gt;Muslim Youth: Challenges, Opportunities, and Expectations&lt;\/em&gt;. London: Continuum, Masquelier and Soares 2016.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>41<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-42-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-42-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hisham D Aidi, Rebel Music: Race, Empire and New Muslim Youth Culture (Pantheon Books, 2014).'><sup>42<\/sup><\/a><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Alchemiya \u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Netflix \u0640\u0640 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0631 (Navid Akhtar) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 GUMEES<span id='easy-footnote-43-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-43-12531' title=' \u0623\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645: &laquo;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645&raquo; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Shelina Janmohammed,&lt;em&gt; Generation M: Young Muslims Changing the World&lt;\/em&gt; (London: I.B Tauris, 2016).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl;&quot;&gt;\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Creative Ummah \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>43<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-44-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-44-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Daniel Nilsson DeHanas and Peter Mandaville, &lt;em&gt;Mapping the Muslim Atlantic: US and UK Debates on Race, Gender and Securitization&lt;\/em&gt;, London: British Council, 2019.'><sup>44<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-45-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-45-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Janmohammed, Generation M. See also William Barylo, &lt;em&gt;Young Muslim Change Makers: Grass Roots Charities Rethinking Modern Societies&lt;\/em&gt; (London: Routledge, 2018).'><sup>45<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-46-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-46-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Abdul-Azim Ahmed, &ldquo;Anglophone Islam: A New Conceptual Category.&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Contemporary Islam&lt;\/em&gt; 16, no. 2-3 (2022): 135-154.'><sup>46<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0663\u0660 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0662\u0666\u066a\u061c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0668.\u0663 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-47-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-47-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Brian Grim and Mehtab Karim, &lt;em&gt;The Future of the Global Muslim Population: Projections for 2010-2030&lt;\/em&gt;, Pew Research Center Forum on Religion &amp;amp; Public Life, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/2011\/01\/27\/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/2011\/01\/27\/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population\/&lt;\/a&gt;, p.13.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>47<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 Pew \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660 \u0648\u0662\u0660\u0665\u0660\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-48-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-48-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Grim and Karim, &lt;em&gt;The Future of the Global Muslim Population&lt;\/em&gt;, 13.'><sup>48<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0666\u0660\u066a\u061c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0662\u0660\u066a\u061c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0663\u0660\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0665\u0668 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0666 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; 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text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Barylo, &lt;em&gt;Young Muslim Change Makers&lt;\/em&gt;.'><sup>49<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-50-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-50-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Garbi Schmidt, &ldquo;Islamic Identity Formation among Young Muslims: The Case of Denmark, Sweden and the US,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs&lt;\/em&gt; 24, no. 1 (2004): 31-45.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>50<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0667 \u0648\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0663 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u00bb \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-51-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-51-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Riaz Hassan, &ldquo;Globalisation&rsquo;s Challenge to the Islamic &lsquo;Ummah&rsquo;,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Asian Journal of Social Science&lt;\/em&gt; 34, no. 2 (2006): 311&ndash;23.'><sup>51<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0666\u0660\u066a\u061c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0662\u0667\u066a\u061c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-52-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-52-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Teo Cheng Wee, &ldquo;More Malays Say They Are Muslim First: Malaysian Poll,&rdquo;&lt;em&gt; Straits Times&lt;\/em&gt;, August 12, 2015,&lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/asia\/se-asia\/more-malays-say-they-are-muslim-\ufb01rst-malaysian-poll&quot;&gt;www.straitstimes.com\/asia\/se-asia\/more-malays-say-they-are-muslim-\ufb01rst-malaysian-poll&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>52<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-53-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-53-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Zuleyka Zevallos, &ldquo;&lsquo;You Have to be Anglo and Not Look Like Me&rsquo;: Identity and belonging among young women of Turkish and Latin American backgrounds in Melbourne Australia,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Australian Geographer&lt;\/em&gt; 39, no. 1 (2008): 21-43.'><sup>53<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-54-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-54-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Fenella Fleischmann, Karen Phalet, and Olivier Klein, &ldquo;Religious Identi\ufb01cation and Politicization in the Face of Discrimination,&rdquo;&lt;em&gt; British Journal of Social Psychology&lt;\/em&gt; 50, no. 4 (2011): 628-648, at 629.'><sup>54<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb (Race, Empire and the New Muslim Youth Culture) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00bb (Black Star, Crescent Moon)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u00bb\u060c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-55-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-55-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Sohail Daulatzai, &lt;em&gt;Black Star, Crescent Moon: The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America &lt;\/em&gt;(University of Minnesota Press, 2012), xxiix.text-'><sup>55<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u00abA Tribe Called Quest\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u00abThe Ummah\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-56-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-56-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Yusuf Islam &ndash; Afghanistan, Nasheed Lovers Blog, December 30, 2008, &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/nasheedlovers.blogspot.com\/2008\/12\/yusuf-islam-afghanistan.html&quot;&gt;http:\/\/nasheedlovers.blogspot.com\/2008\/12\/yusuf-islam-afghanistan.html&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>56<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-57-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-57-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Nasya Bahfen, &ldquo;The Individual and the Ummah: The Use of Social Media by Muslim Minority Communities in Australia and the United States,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs&lt;\/em&gt; 38, no. 1 (2018): 7.'><sup>57<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-58-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-58-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Diana Carolina Zuniga Gomez and Mehmet Ozkan, &ldquo;(Dis)Connecting with the Ummah in e-Spaces: How Latino Muslims Shape Their Identity Through the Internet,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs&lt;\/em&gt; 40, no. 2 (2020): 302-317.'><sup>58<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 20 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-59-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-59-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Ho Wai-Yip, &ldquo;Emerging Islamic-Confucian Axis in the Virtual Ummah: Connectivity and Constraint in Contemporary China,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Comparative Islamic Studies&lt;\/em&gt; 7, no. 1-2 (2011): 137-155.'><sup>59<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: \ufd3f\u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0627\ufd3e.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-60-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-60-12531' title='\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: \ufd3f\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0646\u062b\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0627\ufd3e. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a: 13.'><sup>60<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-61-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-61-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Piscatori and Saikal, &lt;em&gt;Umma Beyond Borders&lt;\/em&gt;,15.'><sup>61<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u00ab\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-62-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-62-12531' title='\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt; digitalummah.co.uk \u0648ummah.com \u0648netummah.com.'><sup>62<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0666\/\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0667\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661.\u0669 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0662.\u0660\u0662 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-63-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-63-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Ifty Islam and Muzahid Khan. &lt;em&gt;Capturing the Halal Pound: A Global Business Growth Opportunity&lt;\/em&gt;, Janala Ventura, August 19, 2021, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/janalaventura.com\/knowledge-insights\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/janalaventura.com\/knowledge-insights\/&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>63<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u00ab\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-64-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-64-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Masudul Alam Choudhury, &lt;em&gt;The Islamic World System: A Study in Polity and Market Interaction&lt;\/em&gt; (London: Routledge, 2004), xxii.'><sup>64<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00bb \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062b\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-65-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-65-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Cengiz Din&ccedil;, &ldquo;The Welfare Party, Turkish Nationalism and Its Vision of a New World Order,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations&lt;\/em&gt; 5, no. 3 (2006): 1-17.'><sup>65<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (D-8)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0634\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0661\u0665 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0667\u060c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-66-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-66-12531' title=' \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: &nbsp;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;https:\/\/developing8.org.'><sup>66<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-67-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-67-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Md. Kamaruzzam, &ldquo;D-8 leaders vow to enhance trade among member states,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Anadolu Agency&lt;\/em&gt;, April 8, 2021, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/d-8-leaders-vow-to-enhance-trade-among-member-states\/2202874&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/d-8-leaders-vow-to-enhance-trade-among-member-states\/2202874&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>67<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00bb \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062c (Aisha Karamat Baig) \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-68-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-68-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Aysha Karamat Baig, &lt;em&gt;Ummatic Macro-Boycott Motives: A Socio-Cultural Perspective&lt;\/em&gt;, unpublished PhD, (Malaysia: Swinburne University of Technology, 2019).'><sup>68<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 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\u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0663\u0660\u0660 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a 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\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631 (Rodney Shakespeare) \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0651\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-69-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-69-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt; Rodney Shakespeare, Foreword in Masudul Alam Choudhury, &lt;em&gt;The Islamic World System&lt;\/em&gt;, xii.'><sup>69<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c 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\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0632\u0648 (Galaxy Zoo) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-70-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-70-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Geoff Mulgan, &lt;em&gt;Big Mind: How Collective Intelligence can Change our World&lt;\/em&gt; (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018).'><sup>70<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-71-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-71-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Sardar, Ziauddin, Jordi Serra, and Scott Jordan, &lt;em&gt;Muslim Societies in Postnormal Times: Foresights for Trends, Emerging Issues and Scenarios&lt;\/em&gt; (United Kingdom: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Centre for Postnormal Policy &amp;amp; Futures Studies, 2019), 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href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-72-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Ziauddin Sardar (ed.), &lt;em&gt;The Postnormal Times Reader&lt;\/em&gt; (Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, Centre for Postnormal Policy &amp;amp; Futures Studies, and MAHYA, 2020), 5, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/iiit.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/BiB-The-Postnormal-Times-Reader-Combined.pdf&quot;&gt;https:\/\/iiit.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/BiB-The-Postnormal-Times-Reader-Combined.pdf&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>72<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-\u0661\u0669 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u00ab\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-73-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-73-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Sardar, &lt;em&gt;The Postnormal Times Reader&lt;\/em&gt;.'><sup>73<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (Transhumanism)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (Next Generation Sequencing)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 (Big Data)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (3D Printing)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u00ab\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-74-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-74-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&ldquo;Committee for the Future,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Parliament of Finland&lt;\/em&gt;, h&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.eduskunta.fi\/EN\/valiokunnat\/tulevaisuusvaliokunta\/Pages\/default.aspx&quot;&gt;ttps:\/\/www.eduskunta.fi\/EN\/valiokunnat\/tulevaisuusvaliokunta\/Pages\/default.aspx&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>74<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-75-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-75-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Eboo Patel, &ldquo;Our World Needs Social Change Agents: Here&rsquo;s how to be an Effective Activist,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;\/em&gt;, July 18, 2022: &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/opinion\/commentary\/ct-opinion-activism-interfaith-coalition-bridge-building-20220718-q7uyai5lejhwbe6bkk7v5fupoi-story.html&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/opinion\/commentary\/ct-opinion-activism-interfaith-coalition-bridge-building-20220718-q7uyai5lejhwbe6bkk7v5fupoi-story.html&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>75<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 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\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Mana)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Council of European Muslims)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (FIOE)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (FEMYSO)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 (European Forum of Muslim Women)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-76-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-76-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;OIC General Secretariat, &ldquo;Declarations of the First Islamic Summit Conference,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;OIC Declarations and Resolutions of Heads of States and Ministers of Foreign Affairs Conferences 1389-1401 H. (1969-1981)&lt;\/em&gt;, n.d., p.18, cited in Abdullah Ahsan, Ummah or Nation: Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society, (Leicester, UK: Islamic Foundation, 1992), 108.'><sup>76<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-77-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-77-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;\u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0662\u0660 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Mohammad Hashim Kamali, &ldquo;Kuala Lumpur Summit on a Unified Currency for Muslim Countries,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;IAIS Bulletin 53&lt;\/em&gt; (Nov-Dec 2019), 3-4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>77<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0627\u00bb<\/h3>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-78-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-78-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Anwar Ibrahim, &ldquo;The Ummah and Tomorrow&rsquo;s World,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Futures 23&lt;\/em&gt;, no. 3 (April 1991): 302-310, at 306.'><sup>78<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-79-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-79-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt; Piscatori and Saikal, &lt;em&gt;Umma Beyond Borders&lt;\/em&gt;, 3.'><sup>79<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0665 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0665\u0665\u0662 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u00bb\u060c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-80-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-80-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Sagi Polka, &ldquo;Taqrib al-Madhahib &mdash; Qaradawi&amp;#8217;s Declaration of Principles Regarding Sunni-Shi&amp;#8217;i Ecumenism,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Middle Eastern Studies&lt;\/em&gt; 49, no. 3 (May 2013): 414-429.'><sup>80<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-81-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-81-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Ali Mamouri, &ldquo;Shiite leaders forbid insults against Sunnis,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;Al-Monitor&lt;\/em&gt;, January 13, 2015: &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2015\/01\/iran-iraq-fatwa-sunni-shiite-insults.html&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2015\/01\/iran-iraq-fatwa-sunni-shiite-insults.html&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>81<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 (Mosques and Imams National Advisory Board)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Muslim Association of Britain)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-82-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-82-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt; &ldquo;Joint Statement on Muslim Solidarity and Unity,&rdquo; &lt;em&gt;MCB&lt;\/em&gt;, May 14, 2013, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/mcb.org.uk\/mcb-updates\/joint-statement-on-muslim-soldarity-and-unity\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/mcb.org.uk\/mcb-updates\/joint-statement-on-muslim-soldarity-and-unity\/&lt;\/a&gt;. '><sup>82<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0662 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u00bb (Global Imams and Scholars Charter)\u060c \u0643\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-83-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-83-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&ldquo;The Global Imams &amp;amp; Scholars&rsquo; Charter &ndash; The Global Imams &amp;amp; Scholars Network&rdquo;, The British Board of Scholars &amp;amp; Imams, April 30, 2022, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bbsi.org.uk\/the-global-imams-scholars-charter-the-global-imams-scholars-network\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.bbsi.org.uk\/the-global-imams-scholars-charter-the-global-imams-scholars-network\/&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>83<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (British Board of Scholars &amp; Imams)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 (European Council of Imams)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (North American Imams Federation)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 (Canadian Council of Imams)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Australian National Imams Council)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 (Ulama Council of New Zealand)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (United Ulama Council of South Africa). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-84-12531' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/islam-beyond-borders\/#easy-footnote-bottom-84-12531' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Benedict R. Anderson, &lt;em&gt;Imagined Communities: Reflections on The Origin and Spread of Nationalism&lt;\/em&gt; (London: Verso, 1991).'><sup>84<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; 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text-align: center;\">*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u060c \u00ab\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0633 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665\u060c <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/islam-beyond-borders\">https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/islam-beyond-borders<\/a><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[52,57,59],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-12531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-52","category-57","category-59","tag-108"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12531"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12531\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}