{"id":12640,"date":"2025-09-05T08:02:20","date_gmt":"2025-09-05T08:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/?p=12640"},"modified":"2025-10-22T07:40:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T07:40:12","slug":"irredeemable-failure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0662\u0662 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661\u0645: \u00ab\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0635\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627.\u00bb<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-1-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Dhruti Shah, \u201cArab Spring: It was the first time I felt I belonged,\u201d &lt;em&gt;BBC News&lt;\/em&gt;, December 26, 2011, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-16275176&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-16275176&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Mike Weinstein)\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u00bb \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064e \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0641 (Palgrave) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u00bb [The Contemporary Islamic Governed State: A Reconceptualization]\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-2-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u00ab\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627.\u00bb \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Khaled Abou El Fadl\u2019s preface in Joseph J. Kaminski, &lt;em&gt;The Contemporary Islamic Governed State: A Reconceptualization&lt;\/em&gt; (New York, NY: Palgrave, 2017), vii.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u00ab\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Discursive Approach) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0647\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-3-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Kaminski, &lt;em&gt;The Contemporary Islamic Governed State&lt;\/em&gt;, 6.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; 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text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629\u00bb [Coping With Defeat] \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 (Jonathan Laurence) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0651\u064d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-4-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Jonathan Laurence, &lt;em&gt;Coping with Defeat: Sunni Islam, Roman Catholicism, and the Modern State&lt;\/em&gt; (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021), 435.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-5-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-12640' title='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-6-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062c\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;H.A.R Gibb, &lt;em&gt;Modern Trends in Islam&lt;\/em&gt; (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1947); Joseph Schacht, &lt;em&gt;An Introduction to Islamic Law&lt;\/em&gt; (London, UK: Oxford University Press, 1964); J.N.D. Anderson, &lt;em&gt;Law Reform in the Muslim World&lt;\/em&gt; (London, UK: Athlone Press, 1976), and N.J Coulson, &lt;em&gt;A History of Islamic Law&lt;\/em&gt; (Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 1978).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-7-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Timur Kuran, &lt;em&gt;Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism&lt;\/em&gt; (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004), and Timur Kuran, &lt;em&gt;The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East&lt;\/em&gt; (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> (Timur Kuran). \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-8-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Michael A. Reynolds, &lt;em&gt;Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires 1908\u20131918&lt;\/em&gt; (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-9-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-9-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Mostafa Minawi, &lt;em&gt;The Ottoman Scramble for Africa: Empire and Diplomacy in the Sahara and Hijaz&lt;\/em&gt; (Stanford, CA Stanford University Press, 2016).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627: \u00ab\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064d \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-10-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-10-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Laurence, &lt;em&gt;Coping with Defeat&lt;\/em&gt;, 7.'><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0622\u064a\u0644\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0668\u0664\u0666\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 (Pope Pius IX) \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a\u0648 (Ghetto) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u064f\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0665\u0665\u0665\u0645. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0668\u0664\u0668\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0648\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0661\u0668\u0664\u0668)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 (\u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0626\u0630\u064d \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a (Ministro della Interno Pellegrino Rossi) \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0661\u0665 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-11-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-11-12640' title=' &lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0661\u0668\u0664\u0668\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Sperber, &lt;em&gt;The European Revolutions, 1848\u20131851&lt;\/em&gt;, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005), and Mike Rapport, &lt;em&gt;1848: Year of Revolution&lt;\/em&gt; (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2009).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (\u0661\u0668\u0665\u0660\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0645\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u00bb. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0668\u0666\u0664\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Syllabus Errorum) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0668\u0667\u0660\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064d \u062f\u0648\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u064d \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u00bb (Ex Cathedra)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0624 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-12-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-12-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Pius PP. IX, Quanta cura. Romae, 1864, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/pius-ix\/la\/documents\/encyclica-quanta-cura-8-decembris-1864.html&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/pius-ix\/la\/documents\/encyclica-quanta-cura-8-decembris-1864.html&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;David I. Kertzer, &lt;em&gt;The Pope Who Would Be King: The Exile of Pius IX and the Emergence of Modern Europe&lt;\/em&gt; (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2018).&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Hans K\u00fcng, &lt;em&gt;Infallable? An Inquiry&lt;\/em&gt;, trans. Edward Quinn (Garden City, NY: Doubleday &amp;amp; Co. Inc, 1983).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u0661\u0668\u0663\u0669-\u0661\u0668\u0666\u0661\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0661\u0668\u0665\u0669\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u00ab\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u00ab\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-13-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-13-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400; color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Laurence&lt;em&gt;, Coping with Defeat&lt;\/em&gt;, 3.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u201cThe Sultan and the Pope,\u201d &lt;em&gt;New York Times&lt;\/em&gt;, October 29, 1859, p. 4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0634\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0646\u0650 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-14-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-14-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Mona Hassan, &lt;em&gt;Longing for the Lost Caliphate: A Transregional History&lt;\/em&gt; (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0643\u064a (Isarel Gershoni and James Jankowski):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-15-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-15-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski&lt;em&gt;, Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs: The Search for Egyptian Nationhood, 1900\u2013 1930&lt;\/em&gt; (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986), 5.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0627\u0642\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Hassan, &lt;em&gt;Longing for the Lost Caliphate&lt;\/em&gt;, 10.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0622\u0630\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0646 (Eric Hobsbawn) \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u00bb (\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0661\u0662\u0665 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0661\u0667\u0668\u0669\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0661\u0669\u0661\u0664\u0645) \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0663 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0661\u0669\u0662\u0664\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (<em>T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-16-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-16-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0661\u0667\u0668\u0669-\u0661\u0668\u0664\u0668\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0661\u0668\u0664\u0668-\u0661\u0668\u0667\u0665\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0661\u0668\u0667\u0665-\u0661\u0669\u0661\u0664\u0645:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Age of Revolution: 1789-1848&lt;\/em&gt;. (New York, NY: World Publishing, 1962), &lt;em&gt;The Age of Capital: 1848-1875&lt;\/em&gt; (New York, NY: Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 1975), and &lt;em&gt;The Age of Empire: 1875-1914&lt;\/em&gt; (London, UK: Weidenfeld &amp;amp; Nicholson, 1987).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-17-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-17-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Laurence, &lt;em&gt;Coping with Defeat&lt;\/em&gt;, 7.'><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0647\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-18-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-18-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;David Commins, &lt;em&gt;The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia&lt;\/em&gt; (London, UK: I.B. Taurus, 2009).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-19-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-19-12640' title='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635. \u0663\u0669\u0664.'><sup>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u062a\u0634 (Newt Gingrich)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u00bb (\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-20-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-20-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Connie Bruck, \u201cThe Politics of Perception,\u201d &lt;em&gt;New Yorker&lt;\/em&gt;, October 9, 1995, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/archives.newyorker.com\/newyorker\/1995-10-09\/fl%20ipbook\/051&quot;&gt;https:\/\/archives.newyorker.com\/newyorker\/1995-10-09\/fl ipbook\/051&lt;\/a&gt;'><sup>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u00ab\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u062f\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064d \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0623\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u064f\u0633\u064a\u064e\u062a \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0650\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Pan-Arabism) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-21-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-21-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Youssef M. Choueiri, &lt;em&gt;Arab Nationalism: A History. Nation and State in the Arab World&lt;\/em&gt; (Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), and Lahouari Addi, &lt;em&gt;Radical Arab Nationalism and Political Islam&lt;\/em&gt;, trans. Anthony Roberts (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2017).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>21<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0645\u0627 (Husein Ali Agrama): \u00ab\u062a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-22-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-22-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Hussein Ali Agrama, Questioning Secularism: Islam, Sovereignty, and the Rule of Law in Modern Egypt (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2012), 31.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Talal Asad, &lt;em&gt;Formations of the Secular: Islam, Christianity, and Modernity&lt;\/em&gt; (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>22<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a (Nader Hashmi) \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u00ab\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b [Indigenous] \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-23-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-23-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Nader Hashemi, \u201cRethinking Religion and Legitimacy Across the Islam-West Divide,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Philosophy and Social Criticism 40&lt;\/em&gt;, nos. 4\u20135 (2014), 444.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u00bb. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Nader Hashemi, &lt;em&gt;Islam, Secularism, and Democracy: Towards a Democratic Theory for Muslim Societie&lt;\/em&gt;s (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 172&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062c\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Kaminski, &lt;em&gt;The Contemporary Islamic Governed State&lt;\/em&gt;, 76.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0623\u0632\u0639\u0645\u064f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064c \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Joseph J. Kaminski, &lt;em&gt;Islam, Liberalism, and Ontology: A Critical Re-evaluation&lt;\/em&gt; (New York, NY: Routledge, 2021).&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>23<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u064d \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627: \u00ab\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-24-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-24-12640' title='\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u062f\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)\u060c \u0635. \u0667\u0660.'><sup>24<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0637\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0646\u0649 \u0634\u064f\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064d \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-25-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-25-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Kaminski, &lt;em&gt;The Contemporary Islamic Governed State&lt;\/em&gt;, 14.'><sup>25<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 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\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0651\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u064a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u00bb. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a: \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-26-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-26-12640' title='\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660). \u0635. \u0663\u0666'><sup>26<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u064f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0666\u0660 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-27-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-27-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Lipset, \u201cSome Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,\u201d &lt;em&gt;American Political Science Review&lt;\/em&gt; 53, no. 1 (1959), 69\u2013105.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>27<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642: \u00ab\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062b \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 [\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629] \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 (\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-28-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-28-12640' title='\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664)\u060c \u0635. \u0663\u0660-\u0663\u0661.'><sup>28<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Rentierism) \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-29-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-29-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Matthew Gray, \u201cA Theory of \u201cLate Rentierism\u201d in the Arab states of the Gulf,\u201d Scholarly Paper (Doha, Qatar: Georgetown University Center for International and Regional Studies, 2011), 1.'><sup>29<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u064a (Matthew Gray): \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 [\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629] \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00bb.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-30-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-30-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Hazem Beblawi, \u201cThe Rentier State in the Arab World,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Arab Studies Quarterly&lt;\/em&gt; 9, no. 4 (1987), 383\u2013398; Hossein Mahdavy, \u201cPatterns and Problems of Economic Development in Rentier States: The Case of Iran,\u201d in M.A. Cook (ed.), &lt;em&gt;Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East&lt;\/em&gt;, 1st ed. (London, UK: Routledge, 1970), 428\u2013467; Michael L. Ross, \u201cDoes Oil Hinder Democracy?\u201d &lt;em&gt;World Politics&lt;\/em&gt; 53, no. 3 (2001), 325\u2013361.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>30<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 (James Quinlivan)\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; 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text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;James Quinlivan, \u201cCoup-Proofing: Its Practice and Consequences in the Middle East,\u201d &lt;em&gt;International Security&lt;\/em&gt; 24, no. 2 (1999), 133.'><sup>31<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0651 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0642\u064b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-32-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-32-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u201cDefense Spending by Country 2022,\u201d &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/defense-spending-by-country&quot;&gt;https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/defense-spending-by-country&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Stephen Biddle and Robert Zirkle. \u201cTechnology, Civil-Military Relations, and Warfare in the Developing World,\u201d &lt;em&gt;The Journal of Strategic Studies&lt;\/em&gt; 19, no. 2 (1996), 171\u2013212; Ahmed Hashim, \u201cSaddam Husayn and Civil-Military Relations in Iraq: The Quest for Legitimacy and Power,\u201d &lt;em&gt;The Middle East Journal&lt;\/em&gt; 57, no. 1. (2003), 9\u201341; Tobias B\u00f6hmelt and Ulrich Pilster, \u201cThe Impact of Institutional Coup-Proofing on Coup Attempts and Coup Outcomes,\u201d &lt;em&gt;International Interactions&lt;\/em&gt; 41, no. 1 (2015), 158\u2013182; Andrew W. Bausch, \u201cCoup-Proofing and Military Inefficiencies: An Experiment,\u201d &lt;em&gt;International Interactions&lt;\/em&gt; 44, no. 1 (2018), 1-32; Derek Lutterbeck, \u201cCoup-Proofing in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Region.\u201d &lt;em&gt;Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics&lt;\/em&gt; (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2021), 1\u201315.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>32<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-33-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-33-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Lutterbeck, \u201cCoup-Proofing in the Middle Eastern,\u201d 4.'><sup>33<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0631 (Vali Nasr)\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-34-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-34-12640' title='\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0662\u0666 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\u060c &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ipinst.org\/images\/pdfs\/transcript_valinasr.pdf&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.ipinst.org\/images\/pdfs\/transcript_valinasr.pdf&lt;\/a&gt;, 7.'><sup>34<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-35-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-35-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Vali Nasr, &lt;em&gt;Forces of Fortune: The Rise of the New Muslim Middle Class and What It Will Mean for Our World&lt;\/em&gt; (New York: The Free Press, 2009), and Vali Nasr, &lt;em&gt;Meccanomics: March of the New Muslim Middle Class&lt;\/em&gt; (Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2010).'><sup>35<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u062c (Warren Hoge) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (International Peace Institute):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a [Walmart] \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-36-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-36-12640' title='\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0661\u0660.'><sup>36<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Crony Capitalism) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 [\u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629] \u2039\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u203a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-37-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-37-12640' title=' \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0635. \u0663\u0666.'><sup>37<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-38-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-38-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Kaminski, &lt;em&gt;Islam, Liberalism, and Ontology&lt;\/em&gt;, 51\u201374.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>38<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Raison d\u2019\u00e9tat). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c (Manochehr Dorraj) \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u203a\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u2039 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-39-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-39-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Manochehr Dorraj, \u201cPopulism and Corporatism in the Middle East and North Africa: A Comparative Analysis,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Chinese Political Science Review 2&lt;\/em&gt;, (2017), 294.'><sup>39<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627 (Mahran Kamrava) \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-40-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-40-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Mehran Kamrava, Gerd Nonnemen, Anastasia Nosova, and Marc Valeri, \u201cRuling Families and Business Elites in Gulf Monarchies: Ever Closer?\u201d Chatham House Report: Middle East and North Africa Program, (London, UK: The Royal Institute of International Aff airs, 2016), 6, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/fi%20les\/publications\/research\/2016-11-03-ruling-families-business%20-gulf-kamrava-nonneman-nosova-valeri.pdf&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/fi les\/publications\/research\/2016-11-03-ruling-families-business -gulf-kamrava-nonneman-nosova-valeri.pdf&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>40<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 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\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-41-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-41-12640' title='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.'><sup>41<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u00ab\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 [\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629]\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-42-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-42-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Stig Stenslie, &lt;em&gt;Regime Stability in Saudi Arabia: The Challenge of Succession&lt;\/em&gt; (New York, NY: Routledge, 2012), 57.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Sharaf Sabri, &lt;em&gt;The House of Saud in Commerce&lt;\/em&gt; (New Delhi: IS. Publications, 2001).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>42<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0628\u064a) \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a) \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-43-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-43-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; padding-right: 40px; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt; Kamrava, et al., \u201cRuling Families and Business Elites,\u201d 5.'><sup>43<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-44-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-44-12640' title='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.'><sup>44<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0632\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a (Hesam Forozan and Afshin Shahi) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-45-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-45-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Hesam Forozan and Afshin Shahi, \u201cThe Military and the State in Iran,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Middle East Journal&lt;\/em&gt; 71, no. 1 (2017), 67, 86.'><sup>45<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-46-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-46-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Thierry Coville, \u201cThe Economic Activities of the Pasdaran,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Revue internationale des \u00e9tudes du d\u00e9veloppement&lt;\/em&gt;, 229, no. 1 (2017), 91\u2013111.'><sup>46<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0641\u0623 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; 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text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 [\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629] \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: (\u0623) \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629- \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648(\u0628) \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-47-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-47-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660). \u0635. \u0663\u0666. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Nazih Ayubi, \u201cWithered Socialism or Whether Socialism? The Radical Arab States as Populist-Corporatist regimes,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Third World Quarterly 13&lt;\/em&gt;, no. 1 (1992), 89\u2013105.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>47<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641 (Sofie Bedford, Ceyhun Mahmudli and Shamkhal Abilov) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-49-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-49-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Sofi e Bedford, Ceylun Mahmudlu, and Shamkhal Abilov, \u201cProtecting Nation, State and Government: \u2018Traditional Islam\u2019 in Azerbaijan,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Europe-Asia Studies 73&lt;\/em&gt;, no. 4 (2021), 691.'><sup>49<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 <em>\u018f<\/em><em>n<\/em><em>\u0259<\/em><em>n<\/em><em>\u0259<\/em><em>vi <\/em><em>\u0130<\/em><em>slam<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641 (Gunduz Ismayilov)\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u00ab\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0635\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-50-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-50-12640' title=' \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635. \u0666\u0664\u0669.'><sup>50<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-51-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-51-12640' title=' \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635. \u0666\u0669\u0661.'><sup>51<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0628 (\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0622\u062e\u0631). \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-52-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-52-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u00bb. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\/ Annelle Sheline (\u0661\u0664\u0665\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661) \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a [\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627] \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641\/ \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u00bb. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u00ab\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Annelle Sheline, \u201cEvaluating the Resonance of Official Islam in Oman, Jordan, and Morocco,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Religions&lt;\/em&gt;, 12 no. 3 (2021), 145\u2013165.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>52<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0650\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u062d)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-53-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-53-12640' title='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.'><sup>53<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 (S\u00e9bastien Peyrouse) \u0623\u0646\u0647:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646).<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-54-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-54-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;S\u00e9bastien Peyrouse, \u201cIslam in Central Asia: National Specificities and Postsoviet Globalisation,\u201d Religion, State &amp;amp; Society 35, no. 3 (2007), 248.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>54<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-55-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-55-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Dominik M\u00fcller, \u201cAppropriating and Contesting \u201cTraditional Islam\u201d: Central Asian Students at the Russian Islamic University in Tatarstan,\u201d Central Asian Survey 38, no. 3 (2019), 400.'><sup>55<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641 (Ramazan Kadyrov)\u060c \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Vladimir Putin)\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-56-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-56-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Neil Hauer, \u201cChechens Fighting Chechens in Ukraine,\u201d New Lines Magazine, March 3, 2022, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/newlinesmag.com\/reportage\/chechens-fi%20ghting-chechens-in-ukraine\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/newlinesmag.com\/reportage\/chechens-fi ghting-chechens-in-ukraine\/&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>56<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u00ab\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u00bb \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0645 (Ovamir Anjum): \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-57-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-57-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Ovamir Anjum, Who Wants the Caliphate? Yaqeen Institute, 2019, 46, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/yaqeeninstitute.org\/read\/paper\/who-wants-the-caliphate&quot;&gt;https:\/\/yaqeeninstitute.org\/read\/paper\/who-wants-the-caliphate&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>57<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a-\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u00bb- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0633\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 (Construct) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631 (Walaa Quisay and Thomas Parker) \u00ab\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641: \u00ab\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-58-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-58-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Walaa Quisay and Thomas Parker, \u201cOn the Theology of Obedience: An Analysis of Shaykh Bin Bayyah and Shaykh Hamza Yusuf\u2019s Political Thought,\u201d January 8, 2019, The Maydan, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/themaydan.com\/2019\/01\/theology-obedience-analysis-shaykh-bin-bayyah-shaykh-hamza-yusufs-political-thought\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/themaydan.com\/2019\/01\/theology-obedience-analysis-shaykh-bin-bayyah-shaykh-hamza-yusufs-political-thought\/&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>58<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0642\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u0641\u064a\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u00bb\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-59-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-59-12640' title=' \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.'><sup>59<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-60-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-60-12640' title='\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646.'><sup>60<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u00ab\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u00bb\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064c\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-61-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-61-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0632 (Paul Williams) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a Blogging Theology \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628: &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=d9M7MVf6UfI&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=d9M7MVf6UfI&lt;\/a&gt;. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Mohd Farid bin Mohd Sharif, The Concept of Jih\u0101d and Baghy in Islamic Law: With Special Reference to Ibn Taymiyya. (Master\u2019s Thesis: Edinburgh University, 2006); M. Abdul Qadir, \u201cThe Muslim Political Theory of Rebellion,\u201d The Indian Journal of Political Science 1, no. 1 (1939) 23\u201329;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0664\u0660\u0660 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law&lt;\/em&gt; (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>61<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f (Neo-Traditionalists)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 (David Warren) \u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9). \u0641\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d\u0651 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-62-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-62-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400; color: #000000;&quot;&gt;David Warren, &lt;em&gt;Rivals in the Gulf: Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Abdullah Bin Bayyah, and the Qatar-UAE Contest Over the Arab Spring&lt;\/em&gt; (New York, NY: Routledge, 2021), 87.'><sup>62<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-63-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-63-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;Warren&lt;em&gt;, Rivals in the Gulf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Warren, \u201cThe Modernist Roots of Islamic Autocracy: Shaykh Abdullah Bin Bayyah and the UAE-Israel Peace Deal,\u201d August 27, 2020, &lt;em&gt;The Maydan&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/themaydan.com\/2020\/08\/the-modernist-roots-of-islamic-autocracy-shaykh-abdullah-bin-bayyah-an%20d-the-uae-israel-peace-deal\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/themaydan.com\/2020\/08\/the-modernist-roots-of-islamic-autocracy-shaykh-abdullah-bin-bayyah-an d-the-uae-israel-peace-deal\/&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>63<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u00bb.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-64-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-64-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;\u201cUnited Arab Emirates 2021,\u201d Amnesty International Report, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/location\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/united-arab-emirates\/report-united-ar%20ab-emirates\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/location\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/united-arab-emirates\/report-united-ar ab-emirates\/&lt;\/a&gt;'><sup>64<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u061f \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f 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text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-65-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-65-12640' title=' \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-66-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-66-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Quisay and Parker, \u201cOn the Theology of Obedience.\u201d'><sup>66<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-67-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-67-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Abdullah bin Bayyah, &lt;em&gt;The Nation-State in Muslim Societies&lt;\/em&gt; (Abu Dhabi, UAE: Forum for Promoting Peace in Muslim Societies, 2019), 35.'><sup>67<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c 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\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0636\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Jon Hoffman)\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-68-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-68-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; padding-right: 40px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Jon Hoffman, \u201cThe Abraham Accords and the Imposed Middle East Order,\u201d &lt;em&gt;The National Interest&lt;\/em&gt;, October 3, 2022, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/print\/blog\/middle-east-watch\/abraham-accords-and-imposed-middle-east-orde%20r-205136&quot;&gt;https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/print\/blog\/middle-east-watch\/abraham-accords-and-imposed-middle-east-orde r-205136.&lt;\/a&gt;'><sup>68<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0631 (Jared Kushner) \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646: \u00ab\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-69-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-69-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Abraham Accords Declaration&lt;\/em&gt;. September 15, 2020, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Abraham-Accords-signed-FINAL-15-Sept-2020-508-1.pdf&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Abraham-Accords-signed-FINAL-15-Sept-2020-508-1.pdf&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>69<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u00ab\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-70-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-70-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Jon Hoffman, \u201cThe Abraham Accords.\u201d&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>70<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633 (Fatus) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0662\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0646 (Anthony J. Blinken) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f [\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633] \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-71-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-71-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;\u201cTunisia\u2019s July 25 Referendum\u201d, Press Statement, Antony Blinken, Secretary of State, July 28, 2022, &lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.state.gov\/tunisias-july-25-referendum\/&quot;&gt;https:\/\/www.state.gov\/tunisias-july-25-referendum\/&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>71<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-72-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-72-12640' title='&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664)\u060c \u0635. \u0663\u0663.'><sup>72<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0644\u0631 (Max Scheler)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 [\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627] \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-73-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-73-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Max Scheler, &lt;em&gt;Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge&lt;\/em&gt;, trans. Manfred Frings (London: Routledge &amp;amp; K. Paul, 1980), 98.'><sup>73<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a [A priori] \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-74-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-74-12640' title='Werner Stark, &lt;em&gt;The Sociology of Knowledge: An Essay in Aid of a Deeper Understanding of the History of Ideas&lt;\/em&gt; (London: Routledge &amp;amp; Kegan Paul, 1960), 114.'><sup>74<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: #000000;\">\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629) \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8230;\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-75-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-75-12640' title='&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664)\u060c \u0635. \u0661\u0660\u0665-\u0661\u0660\u0666.&lt;\/span&gt;'><sup>75<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 (raison d&#8217;\u00eatre) \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-76-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-76-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Chibli Mallat, &lt;em&gt;The Renewal of Islamic Law&lt;\/em&gt; (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 92.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: rtl; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0661\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u00bb \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a:&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Farhang Rajaee, Values and World View: Khomeyni on Man, the State, and International Politics (Lanham, MD, University Press of America, 1983), 70.&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;'><sup>76<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a (Hamid Mavani)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 [\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a] \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629) [\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629]\u00bb.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span id='easy-footnote-77-12640' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/en\/irredeemable-failure\/#easy-footnote-bottom-77-12640' title='&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;Hamid Mavani, \u201cKhomeini&amp;#8217;s Concept of Governance of the Jurisconsult \u2018(Wilayat al-Faqih)\u2019 Revisited: The Aftermath of Iran\u2019s 2009 Presidential Election,\u201d &lt;em&gt;Middle East Journal&lt;\/em&gt; 67, No. 2 (2013), 209.'><sup>77<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0633 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0663\u0661 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665\u060c\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/irredeemable-failure\">https:\/\/ar.ummatics.org\/irredeemable-failure<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 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